Android
Android : A new generation Mobile OS
The mobile community is growing day by day. All mobile users demands more choice, more opportunities to customize their phones, and all mobile operators want to provide value-added content to their subscriber in a manageable and profitable way. Mobile developer wants to develop the more powerful application for mobile and as well as their users. And finally, handset manufactures want a stable, secure, and affordable platform to power their devices.
There are too many mobile operating system such as Windows, apple i-Phone, Symbian S40, S60 3rd and 5th edition and now latest mobile OS is Android. The latest version, Symbian^3, was officially released in Q4 2010, first used in the Nokia N8. A mobile OS that controls a mobile device similar in principal to an operating system of Computers such as Linux, Windows, Mac Os X.
Android is an operating system for mobile device such as smart phones and tablet computers. The first Google phone was the G1, a handset manufactured by a company based in Taiwan called the High Tech Computer Corporation (HTC). The first service provider to support Android in the United States was T-Mobile. Android is developed by the Open Handset Alliance led by Google. Google purchased the initial developer of the software, Android Inc., in 2005.The unveiling of the Android distribution on November 5, 2007 was announced with the founding of the Open Handed Alliance, a consortium of 84 hardware, software and telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile phones.
Android consists of a kernel based on the Linux Kernel with middleware libraries and API’s (Application Programming Interfaces) written in C and Application software running on an application framework. This includes Java-compitable libraries based on Apache Harmony. Every Android application runs in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine. The Dalvik virtual machine executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format which is optimized for minimal memory footprint. The virtual machine is register-based, and runs classes compiled by a Java language compiler that have been transformed into the .dex format by the included "dx" tool.
Android Architecture:
Applications: Android has a lots of core applications including an email client, SMS, MMS, Audio message program, calendar, maps, browser, contacts, Open office, Gps, and more. All applications are written using the Java programming language.
Application Framework: Android offers developers the ability to build extremely rich and innovative applications. Developers are free to take advantage of the device hardware, access location information, run background services, set alarms, add notifications to the status bar, widgets and much.
Libraries: Android includes a set of C/C++ libraries used by various components of the Android system. These capabilities are exposed to developers through the Android application framework. Some of the core libraries are listed below:
Every Android application runs in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine. The Dalvik virtual machine executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format which is optimized for minimal memory footprint. The virtual machine is register-based, and runs classes compiled by a Java language compiler that have been transformed into the .dex format by the included "dx" tool.
Linux Kernel: Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system services such as security, memory management, process management, network stack, and driver model. The kernel also acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the rest of the software stack.
By
Sandip Kumar Sharma.
MCA 1st Year
Oriental College of Management(OCM),Bhopal.
The mobile community is growing day by day. All mobile users demands more choice, more opportunities to customize their phones, and all mobile operators want to provide value-added content to their subscriber in a manageable and profitable way. Mobile developer wants to develop the more powerful application for mobile and as well as their users. And finally, handset manufactures want a stable, secure, and affordable platform to power their devices.
There are too many mobile operating system such as Windows, apple i-Phone, Symbian S40, S60 3rd and 5th edition and now latest mobile OS is Android. The latest version, Symbian^3, was officially released in Q4 2010, first used in the Nokia N8. A mobile OS that controls a mobile device similar in principal to an operating system of Computers such as Linux, Windows, Mac Os X.
Android is an operating system for mobile device such as smart phones and tablet computers. The first Google phone was the G1, a handset manufactured by a company based in Taiwan called the High Tech Computer Corporation (HTC). The first service provider to support Android in the United States was T-Mobile. Android is developed by the Open Handset Alliance led by Google. Google purchased the initial developer of the software, Android Inc., in 2005.The unveiling of the Android distribution on November 5, 2007 was announced with the founding of the Open Handed Alliance, a consortium of 84 hardware, software and telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile phones.
Android consists of a kernel based on the Linux Kernel with middleware libraries and API’s (Application Programming Interfaces) written in C and Application software running on an application framework. This includes Java-compitable libraries based on Apache Harmony. Every Android application runs in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine. The Dalvik virtual machine executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format which is optimized for minimal memory footprint. The virtual machine is register-based, and runs classes compiled by a Java language compiler that have been transformed into the .dex format by the included "dx" tool.
Android Architecture:
Applications: Android has a lots of core applications including an email client, SMS, MMS, Audio message program, calendar, maps, browser, contacts, Open office, Gps, and more. All applications are written using the Java programming language.
Application Framework: Android offers developers the ability to build extremely rich and innovative applications. Developers are free to take advantage of the device hardware, access location information, run background services, set alarms, add notifications to the status bar, widgets and much.
Libraries: Android includes a set of C/C++ libraries used by various components of the Android system. These capabilities are exposed to developers through the Android application framework. Some of the core libraries are listed below:
- System C library: Android uses the BSD(Berkeley Software Distribution) which is derived from the implementation of the standard C system library (libc).
- Media libraries: This includes the Video format supported by phone. This libraries support playback and recording of many popular audio and video formats, as well as static image files, including MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, and PNG.
- Surface Manager: It also support 2D and 3D graphic layers from multiple applications which is a eye catching facilities.
- LibWebCore: A in-built modern web browser engine which powers both the Android browser and an embeddable web view.
- SGL: SGL consists of a set of cross-platform C++ libraries, built on top of OpenGL, which implements 3D scene graph functionality some simple 3D model loaders (sgldb, sglobj, sgl3ds).
- 3D libraries: It is an implementation based on OpenGL ES 1.0 APIs; the libraries use either hardware 3D acceleration (where available) or the included, highly optimized 3D software rasterizer (The Rasterizer is a Java software that generates .pdf files from images (such as .jpeg, .gif, .png, .tiff are image format)).
- Free Type: It also supports bitmap and vector font rendering(Rendering is the process of generating an image from a 2D to 3D model).
- SQLite :This is most powerful and lightweight relational database engine available to all applications.
Every Android application runs in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine. The Dalvik virtual machine executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format which is optimized for minimal memory footprint. The virtual machine is register-based, and runs classes compiled by a Java language compiler that have been transformed into the .dex format by the included "dx" tool.
Linux Kernel: Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system services such as security, memory management, process management, network stack, and driver model. The kernel also acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the rest of the software stack.
By
Sandip Kumar Sharma.
MCA 1st Year
Oriental College of Management(OCM),Bhopal.